Scientists from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have discovered the antidepressant potential of a natural compound called Urolithin A. In experiments on rats, the compound eliminated anxiety-related behavior by restoring the function of mitochondria — the cell’s energy powerhouses. The study was published in Biological Psychiatry (BioPsy).

Anxiety disorders are becoming increasingly common, affecting around 14% of the population each year. Traditional treatments are often ineffective because they target symptoms rather than the biological causes. Moreover, many medications cause side effects or dependency.

The research team led by Professor Carmen Sandi focused on the nucleus accumbens, a brain region associated with anxiety and emotional regulation. In the study, rats with elevated anxiety were given a daily supplement of Urolithin A (Mitopure) at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Over two months, the researchers monitored their behavior and analyzed cellular changes.

The treatment completely eliminated anxiety symptoms without affecting the behavior of healthy animals. The study showed that Urolithin A restores impaired mitochondrial gene networks, enhances energy production, and normalizes mitophagy — the process of removing damaged mitochondria.

Researchers also noted improved neuronal structure and restored levels of mitofusin-2, a protein crucial for cellular health. Urolithin A is naturally found in many plant-based foods, particularly fruits and vegetables.

Scientists now plan to conduct clinical trials in human volunteers, viewing the compound as a promising alternative to traditional anxiolytics. Urolithin A targets the root biological causes of anxiety and depression while exhibiting minimal side effects.