Thermal burns: first aid tips

Burns

For minor burns, follow this:

• Cool the burn by holding the burned area under cold running water for at least 5 minutes, or until the pain subsides. Or, immerse the burn in cold water or cool it with a cold compress.

• DO NOT put ice on the burn. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause frostbite that will further damage skin.

• Cover or wrap the burn loosely with a sterile gauze bandage to keep air off the burned skin, reduce pain, and protect the blistered skin.

• DO NOT use fluffy cotton.

• Give an over-the-counter pain reliever like ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Avoid aspirin.

• Minor burns usually heal without further treatment, but watch for signs of infection such as increased pain, redness, fever, swelling, or oozing. If infection develops, seek medical help. To reduce chances of infection, do not break blisters.

Heatstroke

What are the signs of heatstroke? A markedly elevated body temperature, rapid heartbeat, rapid and shallow breathing, elevated or lowered blood pressure, cessation of sweating, irritability, confusion or unconsciousness, fainting.

If you suspect heatstroke, move your child out of the sun and into a shady area, or a well-ventilated or air-conditioned space. Call for emergency medical assistance. While waiting for professional help, fan your child, cover him or her with damp sheets, or spray with cool water.