Nature:Smoking increases number of potentially harmful bacteria in mouth, study finds

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have found that smoking and diet lead to the multiplication of various microbes in the mouth. The findings of their research were published in the journal Nature.

The researchers studied the oral cavity microbiome of 63 Nepalese people, including representatives of different social groups, from nomads to urban dwellers. The results showed that lifestyle and habits considerably affect the composition of microflora. In particular, a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in potentially dangerous microorganisms—such as Streptococcus—amid a decrease in protective bacteria of the Proteobacteria group, were found in smokers.

Eating also has its effect. The use of barley and corn promoted the growth of one type of bacteria, while rice and wheat promoted the growth of another type. It revealed the effect of traditional Nepalese nettle, which is chewed by local people, on the bacterial group; that plant creates a unique environment for some microorganisms.

According to the researchers, a healthy oral cavity microbiome supports digestion and immunity and protects against pathogens, while its disruption can contribute to disease.