Frontiers: Frequent Consumption of Sugary Drinks Linked to a 23% Higher Risk of ADHD in Children

Children and adolescents who consume sugar-sweetened beverages more frequently may have a higher risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related symptoms. This was the conclusion reached by researchers from East China Normal University. The findings were published in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.

The researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine scientific studies involving more than 461,000 children and adolescents. They examined the association between consumption of sugary drinks and ADHD, as well as individual symptoms such as inattention and hyperactivity.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can make it more difficult for a person to concentrate, control impulsive reactions, and regulate physical activity. It develops during childhood and persists into adulthood for some people.

The analysis showed that higher consumption of sugary drinks was associated with an average 23% higher likelihood of ADHD or related symptoms. A similar trend was observed in most of the studies included in the analysis, although the strength of the association between diet and ADHD symptoms varied.

The researchers note that consuming large amounts of rapidly absorbed sugar may cause a quick rise followed by a drop in blood glucose levels. In theory, this could temporarily affect attention and behavior. Sugary drinks, particularly those containing caffeine, may also disrupt sleep. Insufficient sleep in children can contribute to inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity—symptoms that can resemble those of ADHD.

The authors emphasize that other factors may have influenced the observed association, including overall diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, and lifestyle characteristics. The findings therefore do not establish that sugary drinks directly cause ADHD.