Journal of Neurology: Long-Term High BMI Linked to Memory Decline
16:33 4 November, 2026A higher body mass index (BMI) over many years is associated with faster declines in memory and other cognitive functions in older age. This link was identified by researchers who analyzed data from 8,252 participants in a long-term study. The findings were published in the Journal of Neurology.
The research team used data from the US Health and Retirement Study, covering the period from 1996 to 2020. At the time of enrollment, participants had no cognitive impairment, and their average age was 59. The mean follow-up period was 17.5 years, while the entire study covered 24 years.
The researchers tracked changes in BMI over time rather than relying on a single measurement. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a combined score for memory and executive function—the skills needed to organize actions and solve problems.
A higher cumulative BMI was associated with faster declines in overall cognitive performance, memory and executive function. The association remained after adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and health status. It was more pronounced in people aged 65 and older than in participants aged 50 to 65.
The strongest association with subsequent cognitive decline was observed after eight years. According to the authors, the findings highlight the importance of considering long-term weight history when assessing brain health.