A new study published in JAMA Oncology has found that colorectal cancer has become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, surpassed only by lung cancer. This is particularly alarming because, in recent decades, both incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer have been rising among people under the age of 55, despite overall improvements in diagnosis and treatment. The analysis covers roughly the period from 1999 to 2022 and includes data from medical registries and national health systems.

The authors report that more than 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed each year in the U.S., with over 52,000 deaths annually attributed to the disease. Among individuals younger than 55, the rate of increase is especially high, making colorectal cancer one of the leading causes of death in this age group and raising serious concern among specialists.

Researchers point to several possible factors contributing to this rise: the growing prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyles, diets high in processed foods and low in fiber, as well as increased alcohol consumption and smoking. According to experts, these factors may promote inflammation in the gut and create conditions favorable for the development of cancer cells.

Particularly troubling is the upward trend among younger adults. In people aged 20 to 49, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased by more than 2% per year over the past two decades, while among those over 65 it has remained stable or even slightly declined, largely due to regular screening programs. This has led experts to call for a reassessment of screening age thresholds and earlier initiation of preventive examinations.

Scientists emphasize that early detection is key to successful treatment: when identified at early stages, colorectal cancer has significantly better outcomes, with much higher five-year survival rates. They also note that lifestyle changes—including increased physical activity, adopting a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use—can reduce the risk of developing the disease.

The authors urge public awareness and greater attention from healthcare services, as the shift in the age distribution of cases reflects broader changes in population health and requires adjustments in prevention and treatment strategies.