A new study, published in eClinicalMedicine, examined how body weight changes over the year following the discontinuation of popular weight-loss drugs from the GLP-1 receptor agonist class, such as semaglutide and similar medications.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge analyzed clinical trial data and modeled weight trajectories after therapy ended to understand how durable the effects of these drugs are.

The results showed that, on average, people regain roughly 60% of the weight they lost during treatment within the first year after stopping the medication. Weight gain does not continue indefinitely: over time, the rate of increase slows and eventually plateaus. Even a year after discontinuation, most people retain about a quarter of the weight they initially lost.

GLP-1 drugs work by mimicking the action of a hormone that regulates satiety and blood glucose levels. They reduce appetite and help people eat less, leading to significant weight loss. However, after stopping treatment, the body gradually returns to its previous mechanisms of appetite and metabolism regulation, contributing to partial weight regain.

Researchers note, however, that not all patients return to their original weight. This may be because people often develop new eating habits during treatment — for example, reducing portion sizes or choosing more balanced foods — and these behavioral changes can persist after therapy ends.

Additionally, these medications may have long-term effects on hormonal mechanisms that regulate appetite and energy balance.

The scientists emphasize that obesity is a chronic condition, and treatment often requires a long-term strategy.

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