Researchers have developed an experimental oral medication for type 2 diabetes and obesity that appears to work differently from popular GLP-1 drugs such as Ozempic. Rather than suppressing appetite, the new treatment activates metabolic processes in skeletal muscle, helping to regulate blood sugar levels and enhance fat burning while preserving muscle mass.

The findings, published in the journal Cell, were reported by scientists from the Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University.

A New Mechanism for Treating Obesity and Diabetes

Unlike GLP-1 medications, which influence communication between the gut and brain to reduce hunger and are typically administered by injection, the new drug targets skeletal muscle metabolism directly.

In preclinical studies, the treatment improved glucose control and body composition without causing several side effects commonly associated with GLP-1 therapies, including appetite suppression, muscle loss, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Another advantage is that the medication is taken as a tablet rather than an injection.

Encouraging Early Clinical Results

The researchers conducted a Phase I clinical trial involving 48 healthy volunteers and 25 individuals with type 2 diabetes. According to the study, the treatment was safe and well tolerated.

Professor Tore Bengtsson noted that maintaining muscle mass is particularly important because muscle health plays a critical role in both obesity and type 2 diabetes and is closely linked to longevity.

Designed to Enhance Muscle Metabolism

The drug is based on a laboratory-engineered β2 agonist. Scientists modified the compound to activate key metabolic pathways in muscle tissue while minimizing stimulation of the heart—a challenge that has historically limited the use of β2 agonists.

According to Shane C. Wright, the treatment represents a new therapeutic approach that could promote healthy weight loss without requiring injections.

Potential Use Alone or in Combination Therapies

Because the drug works through a mechanism distinct from GLP-1 medications, researchers believe it could be used either as a standalone treatment or alongside existing obesity and diabetes therapies.

The next stage of development will be a larger Phase II clinical trial led by Atrogi AB. Scientists aim to determine whether the promising results observed in laboratory and early human studies can be replicated in people living with obesity or type 2 diabetes.