Physical punishment, such as flogging, is associated with subsequent cognitive decline in children. This is the conclusion reached by scientists from Old Dominion University in the USA. The results of the study were published in the journal Child Abuse & Neglect.

The study used data from 18,170 children. Focusing on a subgroup of about 12,800 participants aged 5-6 years, the researchers analyzed the effects of spanking as a form of corporal punishment on three key areas of executive functioning: inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and working memory.

Inhibitory control is a cognitive process (executive function) that allows an individual to inhibit his or her impulses. It was assessed by teacher reports using the Child Behavior Questionnaire. Cognitive and working memory were tested using specialized tasks. Whether children were subjected to corporal punishment was reported by parents.

The researchers found no link between spanking and problems with working memory, a limited-capacity cognitive system that provides temporary storage of information. However, children who were subjected to corporal punishment showed decreased inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. These skills are essential for learning and behavior regulation.

In addition, this effect occurred regardless of the child's gender, caregiver ethnicity, or level of parental warmth. This suggests that the negative effects of spanking are similar across demographic groups and family contexts.