Japanese scientists from Osaka University have discovered a protein that can switch cells between “young” and “old” states. The study is published in the scientific journal Cellular Signaling.

As we age, senescent cells accumulate in the body and become larger and less active. They are distinguished from young cells by thickened stress fibers - structures responsible for the movement and interaction of cells with the environment. Scientists have long wondered how these cells maintain their size. The researchers focused on the AP2A1 protein, which is active in the stress fibers of aging cells. Experiments showed that suppressing AP2A1 in old cells leads to their rejuvenation, while its overexpression in young cells accelerates aging. The scientists also found that AP2A1 is closely related to integrin β1, a protein that helps cells attach to the collagen matrix. Together, they move along stress fibers, enhancing cell adhesion, which may explain their increased size. AP2A1 could become a marker of cellular aging and a new target for the treatment of age-related diseases. “Our results pave the way for the development of methods that can reverse cellular aging,” said Shinji Deguchi, senior author of the study. The discovery could lead to revolutionary anti-aging methods, improving people's quality of life and health.