Genetically determined aerobic fitness may lower the risk of developing dozens of diseases—from cardiovascular conditions to metabolic disorders and reduced bone strength. This is according to a study published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (MSSE).

Scientists analyzed genetic data from participants in the UK Biobank project to assess how a predisposition to higher aerobic fitness is linked to health outcomes. These data were compared against the risk of more than 700 diseases. After rigorous validation, researchers identified 34 conditions for which the association was the most robust, suggesting not only correlation but also a potential causal relationship.

The findings showed that individuals with higher physical endurance are less likely to experience cardiovascular diseases, including certain types of stroke. They also tend to have lower blood pressure, healthier blood vessels, and more favorable metabolic profiles. In addition, these individuals showed a reduced risk of developing diabetes and asthma.

The study also revealed other benefits. High aerobic fitness was associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein—a marker of inflammation—higher bone mineral density, and improved indicators of liver function and blood coagulation.

However, the researchers note that excessive physical exertion may have adverse effects. In particular, individuals with extremely high endurance were more likely to exhibit certain heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation.