Ribonuclease 4 (Rnase4), a protein produced by pancreatic beta cells, can stimulate their division and help control blood sugar levels. This is the conclusion reached by researchers from Zhejiang University. The results of the study were published in the journal Science Bulletin.

Previously, scientists have already searched for molecules capable of triggering the reproduction of beta cells - the main “factories” of insulin. However, almost all of them came from other organs. Rnase4 became the first protein that is produced in the pancreas itself and directly affects the restoration of cells.

It is noted that the hormone insulin allows tissue cells, especially muscle and fat cells, to metabolize glucose from the blood. This helps to lower blood sugar levels, expend and store energy. Disruptions in the regulation of insulin in the body indicate malfunctions in the endocrine system and can lead to serious diseases such as diabetes.

Experiments on mice have shown that when Rnase4 is deficient, the islets of Langerhans - clusters of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas - shrink. Insulin levels fall and blood glucose rises. The introduction of Rnase4, on the contrary, triggers the division of even damaged cells and normalizes the concentration of sugar in the blood.

According to the scientists, the molecule acts through the Axl receptor, activating a signaling cascade that triggers cell division.

The authors believe that Rnase4 may become the basis for new methods of treating diabetes - both type 1 and type 2. Delivery of the protein to the pancreas will not only compensate for the loss of beta cells, but also restore their work, weakening dependence on insulin.