Prolonged use of omeprazole may disrupt mineral metabolism and increase the risk of anemia and bone problems, according to Brazilian researchers who studied the effects of this proton pump inhibitor on the body. The study was published in ACS Omega.

In the experiment, animals received omeprazole for 10, 30, and 60 days — durations comparable to long-term use in humans. The analysis showed that the drug affected the absorption and distribution of several essential minerals, including iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper.

During omeprazole treatment, blood iron levels decreased while calcium levels increased. This combination may indicate a higher risk of anemia and osteoporosis. The researchers attribute these changes to the drug’s mechanism of action: by reducing stomach acidity, omeprazole limits the acidic environment necessary for proper absorption of many micronutrients.

Beyond blood composition changes, the study also revealed disruptions in immune cell function and mineral redistribution in the liver and spleen, which may affect overall metabolic balance.

The authors emphasize that omeprazole remains an effective and widely used treatment for peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, months-long use without medical supervision may lead to hidden side effects. Researchers recommend using such medications strictly as prescribed and not exceeding the recommended duration without consulting a physician.