Scientists have uncovered the molecular mechanism through which physical activity strengthens bones. An international research team led by specialists from the University of Hong Kong found that the protein Piezo1 plays a key role in this process. The study results were published in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (STTT).

Piezo1 acts as a “motion sensor” in bones: it responds to mechanical stress during walking, running, or exercise. When the protein is activated, bone marrow stem cells begin transforming into bone cells rather than fat cells, thereby strengthening bone tissue.

In experiments on mice, removal of Piezo1 led to decreased bone density and increased fat accumulation in the bone marrow. Without this protein, the animals did not experience the usual bone-strengthening effects of exercise. This allowed researchers to understand how physical activity is converted into a biological signal that protects bones from deterioration.

The study authors emphasize that the discovery of Piezo1 opens new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, especially for people who are unable to exercise regularly. For now, however, the research remains at the preclinical stage.