A large European study suggests that loneliness is linked to poorer memory in older adults, but it does not appear to accelerate the rate of cognitive decline over time.

Researchers analyzed data from more than 10,000 participants aged 65 to 94 across 12 European countries over a seven-year period. Those who reported high levels of loneliness initially performed worse on memory tests compared to individuals who felt less isolated. However, their rate of memory decline over time was similar to that of non-lonely participants.

The findings, published in Aging & Mental Health, are based on data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The results suggest that loneliness may influence baseline memory performance but does not necessarily speed up long-term cognitive deterioration.

Loneliness and social isolation are widely recognized as risk factors for poor health and dementia. However, previous research has produced mixed results regarding whether loneliness directly accelerates cognitive decline.

In this study, researchers assessed both immediate and delayed recall abilities, asking participants to remember word lists and measuring performance over time. Loneliness was evaluated through self-reported feelings of isolation and lack of companionship.

While individuals with higher loneliness levels consistently scored lower on memory tests at the beginning of the study, their decline over seven years followed a pattern similar to those who reported lower loneliness.

Experts involved in the research suggest that loneliness may primarily affect cognitive performance at a given point in time rather than driving progressive decline. They also propose that routine loneliness screening in older adults could help improve strategies for healthy aging.

Although the study does not establish loneliness as a direct cause of dementia progression, it highlights its significant association with memory function and overall well-being.