Hyperactive nerve cells in the hypothalamus — the brain’s regulator of neuroendocrine activity — may trigger the development of hypertension. This conclusion was reached by scientists from the University of Missouri and the University of Oxford. The study results were published in the journal Cardiovascular Research (CRes).
High blood pressure remains one of the leading risk factors for stroke and heart attack. It is typically associated with lifestyle factors, kidney disease, or hormonal disorders. However, the role of the nervous system in the development of hypertension has remained insufficiently studied.
In experiments conducted on rats, researchers focused on neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus — a brain region that regulates the “fight-or-flight” stress response and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. These cells control the production of corticotropin, a hormone involved in stress responses and influencing the cardiovascular system.
In animals with primary hypertension, researchers observed increased activity of these neurons and enhanced signal transmission to brainstem centers responsible for regulating heart rate and vascular tone. At the same time, hyperactivation of neuroendocrine cells linking the nervous and hormonal systems was detected.
When scientists experimentally suppressed the activity of these cells, the rats’ blood pressure decreased. In addition, researchers identified a receptor that mediates communication between the hypothalamus and the sympathetic nervous system. According to the study authors, a drug capable of blocking this mechanism could potentially become a new treatment approach for primary hypertension.
Follow NEWS.am Medicine on Facebook and Twitter