Weight-loss medications can help people who struggle to lose weight through diet and physical activity alone, but treatment often needs to continue for an extended period. These drugs are not suitable for everyone and can cause side effects, according to the medical publication HealthDay.
Medication for obesity may be considered for adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, as well as those with a BMI of 27 or higher who have weight-related health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnea.
If dietary changes and increased physical activity fail to produce at least 5% weight loss, patients can discuss medication options with their doctor. In some cases, drugs are prescribed alongside lifestyle changes without requiring patients to spend a prolonged period trying to lose weight without medication first.
Modern options include tirzepatide (Zepbound) and semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus). These medications can produce substantial weight loss. Other drugs, including phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), and orlistat (Alli or Xenical), can also help with weight loss, although their effects are generally less pronounced. They may suppress appetite, increase feelings of fullness, or prevent the absorption of some dietary fat.
Some obesity medications offer additional benefits by helping manage other health conditions. They can improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes and reduce cardiovascular risks. Certain medications are also used in the treatment of sleep apnea, fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease.
However, these drugs can cause side effects, making regular medical consultations essential. Responses to treatment vary from person to person, and weight often returns after the medications are discontinued. For this reason, treatment frequently needs to continue over the long term.
Cost can also be a barrier. Insurance companies do not always cover these medications, and paying out of pocket can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars per month.
Weight-loss medications can provide an additional tool in the fight against obesity, but they do not replace healthy eating and physical activity. Decisions about their use should be made in consultation with a doctor, taking into account the patient’s health and individual goals.
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