New Blood Purification Technology Could Improve Treatment of Severe Poisoning

One of the most promising approaches uses synthetic polymer resins capable of binding toxic substances. Unlike conventional dialysis, which primarily removes small molecules, hemoperfusion can capture certain substances bound to blood proteins.

In cases of poisoning with calcium channel blockers — medications used to treat cardiovascular diseases — a small retrospective study involving 24 patients found that those who received hemoperfusion experienced a faster decline in lactate levels and improvements in blood pressure. One of the 13 patients in this group died. However, the small sample size means that the method cannot yet be considered an established standard of care.

More encouraging results have been reported in cases of severe poisoning with organophosphorus compounds, which are used in some pesticides.

In a South African study involving 40 patients, additional hemoperfusion was associated with a reduction in the median length of stay in intensive care from 17 to 10 days, as well as a decreased need for atropine and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. The researchers also reported fewer serious complications, including deaths.

Nevertheless, the available evidence remains limited. Most studies are small or observational, and treatment protocols vary. Experts also warn that extracorporeal toxin removal is not suitable for all substances: its effectiveness depends on their chemical properties, distribution throughout the body and rate of natural elimination.

Therefore, hemoperfusion is being considered as a potential addition to standard treatment for certain cases of severe poisoning, rather than a universal replacement for existing medical interventions.