A new COVID-19 variant known as BA.3.2 — often referred to as the “cicada” variant — has been detected in 23 countries since it was first identified in South Africa in November 2024, according to the CDC.

The number of detected cases began to rise in late 2025, particularly from September onward. Since then, the variant has been found across multiple regions, including Africa, Europe, Asia, North America, and Oceania. In the United States, it has mainly been identified in travelers returning from countries such as Japan, Kenya, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Health authorities continue to monitor variants through global surveillance systems. Like previous strains, BA.3.2 carries mutations in the spike protein, which can affect how easily the virus spreads and how well it can evade existing immunity. These types of changes are one of the reasons COVID-19 vaccines are periodically updated.

Scientists describe BA.3.2 as a genetically distinct and highly divergent lineage, different from variants such as JN.1 that have been circulating widely in recent years.

The earliest known case of BA.3.2 was identified from a sample taken from a child in South Africa in November 2024. A related sublineage, BA.3.2.1, was later classified.

In parts of Northern Europe, the variant became more common between late 2025 and early 2026, accounting for around 30% of sequenced cases in countries like Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. However, despite this spread, it has not led to a significant overall increase in COVID-19 cases compared to previous seasons.

Experts caution that the true prevalence of BA.3.2 may be underestimated due to limited genomic surveillance in some regions. Early data suggests the variant may partially evade antibodies, likely due to its mutations, which highlights the importance of continued monitoring and evaluation of vaccine performance.

Although immunity from vaccination and prior infections continues to reduce severe outcomes, COVID-19 still contributes to substantial hospitalizations and deaths each year. The CDC warns that BA.3.2 could play a role in seasonal increases in cases, emphasizing the need for ongoing vigilance and timely public health responses.