Engineering: hydrogels and stem cells can regenerate nerve fibers

Chinese scientists from Nantong University have studied recent advances in tissue engineering that could be breakthroughs in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the leading causes of disability. The study is published in the scientific journal Engineering.

One of the key trends in tissue engineering is considered to be the use of biomaterials that create a favorable microenvironment for the regeneration of damaged tissue.

For example, hydrogels such as GelMA-MXene and Fe3S4 have been shown to be highly effective in restoring motor function in laboratory animals. These materials not only support the growth of nerve cells, but also promote the regeneration of axons, the long outgrowths of neurons that transmit signals.

Stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), play an important role in spinal cord repair. They can differentiate into different cell types and secrete cytokines that stimulate nerve tissue regeneration.

For example, researchers used 3D printing to create scaffolds that support the survival and differentiation of MSCs into neurons, which led to improved motor function in rats with TCM.

Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and exosomes are also considered as promising tools for the treatment of TCM. The dECM provides a natural environment for nerve cell growth, and exosomes released by the cells have therapeutic potential. Specifically, a hydrogel patch releasing exosomes and methylprednisolone has shown significant improvement in functional performance in animals with TCM.

Researchers are also investigating the role of neurotrophic factors, such as NT3, that promote the restoration of neural tissue structure and function. For example, NT3-chitosan has demonstrated the ability to repair damaged neural networks.

Creating a regenerative microenvironment combining biomaterials, cells and active factors is a key area of focus. For example, DNA hydrogels for NSC transplantation and bioactive hydrogels with IGF-1 have shown promising results in restoring function in laboratory animals.

Despite significant progress, scientists emphasize the need for further research to confirm the safety and efficacy of these techniques. Successful translation of technologies into clinical practice requires interdisciplinary collaboration and global innovation.

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