Meningitis Remains a Global Threat: Over 250,000 Deaths Recorded Annually

A recent global study published in The Lancet Neurology shows that despite decades of progress, meningitis remains one of the most dangerous infectious diseases worldwide.

In 2023, approximately 259,000 people died from the disease, while the total number of cases reached 2.5 million.

Particularly alarming is the fact that a significant share of deaths occurs among young children. More than one-third of all fatalities were recorded in children under the age of five, making them the most vulnerable group.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. It remains the leading infectious cause of neurological disorders globally: even survivors often face severe последствия such as hearing loss, seizures, and cognitive impairment.

Since 1990, large-scale vaccination programs have significantly reduced both incidence and mortality rates. However, as the study’s authors emphasize, the pace of this decline is insufficient to meet the World Health Organization’s targets of reducing mortality by 70% and incidence by 50% by 2030.

The burden of the disease still falls primarily on low-income countries, especially the so-called “meningitis belt” in Africa, where the highest mortality rates are recorded. The main causes of the disease include bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, as well as viruses, including non-polio enteroviruses.

Researchers also identified key risk factors: low birth weight, premature birth, and air pollution. These factors increase vulnerability, particularly among newborns and infants.

The authors stress that further reductions in mortality will only be possible through expanded vaccination programs, improved diagnostics and access to healthcare, as well as more effective use of antibiotics. Without these measures, the world risks failing to meet its targets and allowing meningitis to remain one of the most dangerous—yet largely preventable—diseases.

Follow NEWS.am Medicine on Facebook and Twitter