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New vaccine may be effective against allergic asthma
French scientists have developed a vaccine that can provide long-term protection against allergic asthma, reducing the severity of its symptoms and significantly improving the quality of life of patients.
According to Medical Express, allergic asthma is characterized by inflammation of the bronchi and discomfort caused by inhalation of allergens. Exposure to allergens leads to the production of antibodies (IgE) and type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in the airways, which causes a cascade of reactions leading to airway hypersensitivity, mucus overproduction, and eosinophilia (when the airway contains too many eosinophils, such as leukocytes).
In the treatment of asthma, inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used. However, in the case of severe asthma, this treatment is not sufficient, and it may be necessary to use therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE or the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways. But they are expensive and require long-term or even lifelong injection treatment.
To solve this problem, scientists developed a conjugate vaccine called kinoid by binding the recombinant cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 to the carrier protein CRM197 (a non-pathogenic mutated form of diphtheria toxin used in many conjugate vaccines).
Experiments in animal models show that the vaccine induces sustained production of antibodies specifically directed against IL-4 and IL-13. Six weeks after the first injection of the conjugate vaccine, 90% of the mice had high antibody levels. One year after the primary immunization, 60% of them still had antibodies capable of neutralizing the activity of IL-4 and IL-13.
The researchers also examined the effects of the vaccine on asthma symptoms. The vaccine was able to significantly reduce IgE levels, eosinophilia, mucus production, and airway hypersensitivity (dust mites were allergens). No side effects were observed in animals.
According to scientists, their development can be both preventive and therapeutic for patients with asthma.
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