“Zombie” Cells Found in the Immune System That Sustain Long-Term Inflammation

A new study published in the journal Nature Aging describes a previously underestimated component of the immune system—a hidden population of so-called “zombie” immune cells that may play an important role in chronic inflammation and age-related changes in the body.

These cells are in a state of functional “stagnation”: they no longer act as fully functional immune cells, but are not eliminated by the body either. Such cells can persist in tissues and continue to release signaling molecules that sustain inflammation.

Scientists note that under normal conditions, the immune system efficiently removes such damaged or “senescent” cells. However, with age, this mechanism becomes less effective, and some of these cells accumulate. This can lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, which is associated with a range of diseases—from metabolic disorders to neurodegenerative processes.

In the new study, researchers showed that these “zombie” cells can form a kind of hidden population within the immune system, influencing its behavior and overall reactivity. They are not simply “useless,” but may actively interfere with the regulation of immune responses, amplifying or distorting inflammatory signals.

Of particular interest is the possibility that these cells may disrupt the balance between protective and regulatory immune mechanisms. This means they can affect not only the development of inflammation but also the body’s ability to properly “shut it down” once a threat has passed.

Researchers emphasize that understanding the role of these cells could open new directions for therapies targeting age-related and inflammatory diseases. In particular, it may become possible to develop approaches aimed at removing or “reprogramming” them to reduce chronic inflammation.

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